Nepal Bhasa is a Tibeto-Burman tongue, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Unknown Monday, February 13, 2017 About Nepal, Facts of Nepal, History, History of Nepal, Nepal, Nepal Info History of Nepal can be divided into various periods as: 1. Under this de facto alliance, Kathmandu permitted the recruitment of Nepalese for the highly valued Gurkha units in the British Indian Army and also accepted British “guidance” on foreign policy; in exchange, the British guaranteed the Rana regime against both foreign and domestic enemies and allowed it virtual autonomy in domestic affairs. A new constitution was finally ratified in 1959, and a national assembly elected. Prehistory and early history Nepal’s rich prehistory consists mainly of the legendary traditions of the Newar, the indigenous community of Nepal Valley (now usually called Kathmandu Valley). But intermittent warfare between Tibet and China terminated this relationship, and, while there were briefly renewed contacts in subsequent centuries, these were reestablished on a continuing basis only in the late 18th century. Nepal's history dates back to the time of the Gopalas and Mahishapalas who are believed to have been the earliest rulers of the valley with their capital at Matatirtha, the south-west corner of Kathmandu Valley. Nepalese Historical Personalities Find out more about the greatest Nepalese Historical Personalities, including Gyanendra of Nepal, Birendra of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, Mahendra of Nepal and Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev. Nepal Democratic Congress In 1948, a new political party named the Nepal Democratic Congress was established in Calcutta. Small kingdoms and tribal confederations controlled various areas of the Tarai Region in the south. Although intrafamilial arrangements on such questions as the succession and the distribution of responsibilities and spoils were achieved, no effective national political institutions were created. The first Lichavi king of historical importance was Manadeva 1. To read about the background to these events, see History of Nepal. The Malla dynasty, which ruled from the 10th to 18th centuries, imposed a uniform Hindu legal and social code on Nepal. The Lichavis are said to have migrated into Nepal from north India in around 250 A.D. The first written records date back to the Kirati people, who lived in eastern Nepal, and the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley. Under the Licchavis, Nepal's trade ties with Tibet and China expanded, leading to a cultural and intellectual renaissance. Famous Nepalese Historical Personalities Famous People From Nepal Although most of the Licchavi kings were devout Hindus, they did not impose Brahmanic social codes or values on their non-Hindu subjects. Nepal is bordered by the Tibet, an Autonomous Region of China, to the north and India in the east, south and west. This was accomplished by the Rana family regime after 1860 on terms that were mutually acceptable, if occasionally irritating, to both. Nepali is one of the Indo-Aryan languages, related to European languages. The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was born in Lumbini, in southern Nepal. Its territory extends roughly 500 miles (800 kilometres) from east to west and 90 to 150 miles from north to south. Nepal also marks the collision point between Hinduism and Buddhism, between the Tibeto-Burmese language group and the Indo-European, and between Central Asian culture and Indian culture. Stories of their exploits begin around 800 B.C. This was one of the most important parties in Nepal’s political history. Everest. The Mallas perceived their responsibilities differently, however, and the great Malla ruler Jaya Sthiti (reigned c. 1382–95) introduced the first legal and social code strongly influenced by contemporary Hindu principles. The southern Tarai Plain is tropical/subtropical, with hot summers and warm winters. Lumbini, Gautama Buddha’s birthplace in southern Nepal, and Nepal Valley also figure prominently in Buddhist accounts. It is a landlocked country located between India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. Attempts have been made to diversify trade through agreements with such countries as Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, the … Gautama achieved enlightenment as Buddha and spawned Buddhism. The Licchavi dynastic chronicles, supplemented by numerous stone inscriptions, are particularly full from 500 to 700 ce; a powerful, unified kingdom also emerged in Tibet during this period, and the Himalayan passes to the north of the valley were opened. Despite its tourism and energy-production potential, Nepal remains one of the world's poorest countries. Geography & History of Nepal. According to Nepal's constitution, all of the national languages can be used as official languages. Prithvi Narayan Shah (reigned 1742–75) and his successors established a unified state in the central Himalayas and launched an ambitious and remarkably vigorous program of expansion, seeking to bring the entire hill area, from Bhutan to Kashmir, under their authority. In the 4th or 5th century A.D., the Licchavi dynasty moved into Nepal from the Indian plain. The middle period in Nepalese history is usually considered coterminous with the rule of the Malla dynasty (10th–18th century) in Nepal Valley and surrounding areas. Until 1950 and to some extent thereafter, Nepalese politics was basically conspiratorial in character, with familial loyalty taking precedence over loyalty to the crown or nation. Pigg, Stacy Leigh. A Maoist insurgency began in 1996, ending with a communist victory in 2007. Over 1/3 of Nepalis live below the poverty line; in 2004, the unemployment rate was a shocking 42%. 240 members are directly elected; 335 seats are awarded by proportional representation; 26 are appointed by the Cabinet. Nepal was also in contact with China. Bhaktapur Durbar Square. The towering Himalaya Mountains attest to the colossal tectonic force of the Indian Subcontinent as it plows into mainland Asia. Temperatures reach 40°C in April and May. Nepal is primarily a Hindu country, with more than 80% of the population adhering to that faith. He promulgated a new constitution, which returned most of the power to him. Extensive cultural, trade, and political relations developed across the Himalayas, transforming the valley from a relatively remote backwater into the major intellectual and commercial centre between South and Central Asia. In the north, the high Himalayas are extremely cold and increasingly dry as the altitude rises. History. The country might seem like a small piece of land, but it encloses varieties from all around the world. Due to its extreme topography, however, it has a much wider range of climate zones than those places. Of course, Nepal is associated with the Himalayan Range, including the world's tallest mountain, Mt. Nepal’s rich prehistory consists mainly of the legendary traditions of the Newar, the indigenous community of Nepal Valley (now usually called Kathmandu Valley). Nepal’s contacts with China began in the mid-7th century with the exchange of several missions. The ruler of the small principality of Gorkha, campaigned to unite the various kingdoms … Lichavi Dynasty . and lived until 483 B.C.E. In fact, the Thapa family controlled Nepal 1806-37, while the Ranas took power 1846-1951. Each of the other 92 castes/ethnic groups make up less than 2%. "Inventing Social Categories through Place: Social Representations and Development in Nepal." Under the pressure of inheritance fights and Muslim invasions from northern India, the Malla were weakened by the early 18th century. The Durbar Square is a public area containing centuries-old royal palaces … Nepal exports garments, carpets, and hydroelectric power. Both versions are accepted indiscriminately in the festivals associated with legendary events, a tribute to the remarkable synthesis that has been achieved in Nepal between the two related but divergent value systems. Nepal was ruled by about total of 28 kings during Kirat regime. Nepal is home to nearly 29,000,000 people. Nepal's demographics are complicated not only by dozens of ethnic groups but by different castes, which also function as ethnic groups. High Religion: A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa Buddhism, 1989. Nepal is a collision zone. KANCHHI, SHARMILA MALLA ON COVER OF ‘KAMANA’ IN 1985. As of 2008, the former Kingdom of Nepal is a representative democracy. In the early 18th century one of the principalities—Gorkha (also spelled Gurkha), ruled by the Shah family—began to assert a predominant role in the hills and even to pose a challenge to Nepal Valley. The modern history of Nepal can be traced to the eighteenth century when the Gurkha Shah family assumed power and established its capital in Kathmandu. They made considerable progress, but successive setbacks in wars with China and Tibet (1788–92), with the Sikh kingdom in the Punjab (1809), with British India (1814–16), and again with Tibet (1854–56) frustrated Nepal and set the present boundaries of the kingdom. Each of these states controlled territory in the surrounding hill areas, with particular importance attached to the trade routes northward to Tibet and southward to India that were vital to the valley’s economy. Both Brahmanic Hindu and Buddhist legends relate the tales of ancient rulers from Nepal. 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