This book explores the international politics behind the identification of human trafficking as a major global problem. Unchecked governments and law enforcement officials lead to corrupt governments and officials, both of which are a major cause of human trafficking. A statistic from the International Labour Organization (2012) estimates that there are approximately 21 million victims of human trafficking globally, including 5.5 million children. The above table shows the statistics for sex trafficking as estimated by ILO. Laurent Kabila, leader of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for Liberation (AFDL), during recruited more than 10,000 children soldiers and sent them to war against the former President Mobutu during 1996–1997. Global corporate leaders met in Athens to sign on seven Ethical principles to combat the malaise: “zero tolerance towards human trafficking, awareness-raising campaigns, and educational activities, mainstreaming anti-trafficking in all, corporate strategies ensuring the compliance of personnel, encouraging business partners to apply the same ethical principles, advocacy to urge governments to strengthen anti-trafficking policies, and wider sharing of good practice.”. The trafficking victims protection act (2000) was the first actual law that combatted human trafficking. Unsustainable agricultural practices around the world are a major cause of environmental degradation. There is a director-general Antonio Maria Costa who has organized two years ago the UNODC conference to mobilize the international community against trafficking in human beings and they are doing extremely valuable work. This book is grounded in the premise that the intense response to this issue is at odds with the shaky statistics and contentious definitions underpinning it. Human smuggling and trafficking have become a world-wide industry, incorporating millions of people annually, and generating an annual turnover of billions of dollars. Human trafficking occurs at a very large scale, and a report by the US reveals, “roughly 800,000 people are trafficked across borders each year” (Siskin and Wyler 7). 38-42, http://www.ungift.org/docs/ungift/pdf/knowledge/background_paper.pdf, http://www.oas.org/atip/canada/Fallingshortofthemark.pdf, http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR25/FMR2501.pdf, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_norm/—declaration/documents/publication/wcms_081931.pdf, http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/HT-globalpatterns-en.pdf, http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/06/21/cambodia-young-trafficking-victims-treated-criminals, http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/6180_542.htm, http://www.humantrafficking.org/uploads/publications/China_National_Plan_of_Action_on_Combating_Trafficking_in_Women_and_Children_December_2007.pdf, http://www.prb.org/Articles/2001/TraffickinginPersonsMythsMethodsandHumanRights.aspx, Impact of Human Trafficking on the Political and Cultural Stability of the Countries Affected. This book explores the international politics behind the identification of human trafficking as a major global problem. Bangladesh Internal ILO estimated that global human trafficking makes about $31.6 billion every year. 5,000-7,000 women and girls/year IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIAN STATE. In addition to its enormous human cost, human trafficking is estimated to generate billions in illicit revenue each year, making it one of the most profitable crimes in the world. Political implications of human trafficking There are many political factors that contribute to the social justice of human trafficking. International relations literature is well developed on the effects of United Nations intervention on the duration of crises. Children as young as six have also been found. of human trafficking makes counter- trafficking efforts in general and the protection of victims in particular a central issue for feminist debate [19: 319; 20]. Human trafficking is the third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade across the globe. The debate of human trafficking however goes beyond feminism in Save the Children report says, “In Uganda 1,500 children are still held by the Lords Resistance Army. The main person being affected by human trafficking is, of course, the victim. Get Your Custom Essay on, By clicking “Write my paper”, you agree to our, By clicking Send Me The Sample you agree on the, Human Trafficking: The New Era of Slavery, https://graduateway.com/impact-of-human-trafficking-on-the-political-and-cultural-stability-of-the-countries-affected/, Get your custom Is the EU the most adept organization at addressing these issues? The extent to which this intertwined relationship has an impact on human trafficking depends on a multitude of factors, including: the pandemic’s duration, stakeholders’ decisions and actions during and after the pandemic, as well as the social, political and economic tensions triggered by both the pandemic and pre-existing global structures. It influences formulation of migration policies, border control, and human rights laws. The International Labour Organization (ILO) calls human trafficking as a form of modern slavery and ‘greatest challenge of our times’ (1). Trafficking involves force and coercion whereas human smuggling involves consent of the people trafficked. Ursula Plassnik: Legal definitions in various countries seem to be very different, and that is part of the problem of addressing human trafficking on the international scene. Trafficking may greatly impact children’s emotional, physical, and overall psychological development. ILO estimated that … It is estimated that about 200,000 of them now work in Indian brothels. Because of human trafficking, people who are either very poor that they want to leave their own country or those who merely want better opportunities are smuggled the boarders of other countries. Human Trafficking has reached such a large scale that it impacts the political scenario of countries affected. "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy", Don't use plagiarized sources. The USAID organization warns that human trafficking victimizes millions of poor who are exploited for profit (par. Pakistan HPR: There are several issues that transcend borders, such as human rights and peace agreements. Destination Countries Alongside the movement to protect the environment from harm, governments must also protect a… This book is grounded in the premise that the intense response to this issue is at odds with the shaky statistics and contentious definitions underpinning it. Affects 100,000 children in Sri Lanka under age 16 Knowing the extent to which human trafficking impacts society is important and includes an issue of global concern, and if research can be done cross-culturally, then governments, humanitarians, and social workers – all institutions that work to reduce human trafficking – can have a better understanding of this issue, thereby improving their efforts to combat it effectively. We like to think about it as something that we have worked our way out of through the years. ... Department of Political Science, University of California, Davis. Figure 1. Since 2000, tackling human trafficking has spawned new legal, security and political architecture. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA FROM 1900-2017 (A CASE STUDY OF REPORTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM MURITALA AIRPORT, IKEJA, Free Undergraduate Project Topics, Research Materials, Education project topics, Economics project topics, computer science project topics, Hire a data analyst THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING AMONG OUR WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY. political instability and the subsequent impact on human trafficking has been the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many parents choose to sell their children as slaves imply because they are unable to support them economically. Films are produced. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), human trafficking generates $31.6 billion estimated illicit profit worldwide! Of 500,000 prostitutes in India, an estimated 13,500 are Bangladeshi There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. Capital Punishment: Trump’s Most Enduring Legacy, A New Genre: Empathy, Sound, and Creation Amid the Pandemic, Record Colorado Fire Season: A Testament to the Need for Climate Policy, On the Border: A Tale of Right-Wing Resilience Through COVID-19, It Is 2020, and Puerto Rico Is Still a Colony, Life in Limbo: Pandemic Policy and Immigration Backlogs, Sorry, but Iran Air 655 is Not Equivalent to Malaysia Flight 17. Prevalence of psychotic and neurotic disorders in the victims Ursula Plassnik: Legal definitions in various countries seem to be very different, and that is part of the problem of addressing human trafficking on the international scene. Depression and states of helplessness, self-blame, dissociation, and withdrawal Human trafficking has been identified as the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. Type Wiley Online Library. Kosovo faces immense political turmoil because of its strategic location at the Balkan Peninsula’s heart. HPR: Why does modern-day slavery seem to be hidden from everyday life? Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that most traffickers mange to slip away from the law and that there are not enough laws to prosecute them in various countries. The above table shows that prostitution accounts for more percentage than trafficking for various other reasons. This is part of the problems we face in public opinion. After the war, many children continued to work for AFDL because they had nowhere else to do and many other children became street urchins. And then there are policies where the member states keep their sovereignty or part of their sovereignty fully untouched and where they are cooperating in an intergovernmental way. Political Impact of Human Trafficking Basically every country in the world today is affected by trafficking for sexual exploitation or forced labour. Also, prostitution is the main purpose of trafficking, followed by bonded labour. Since 2000, tackling human trafficking has spawned new legal, security and political architecture. Most countries are condemned for converting victims of trafficking into criminals. It’s very hard to open their eyes and make them aware that even among the people they personally know, there are likely to be victims of human trafficking. They are often isolated from their social circles, leaving them unable to engage socially or reach out for help. Scale 2,000-3,000 children/year 200,000 women and children over last 20 years; 3,397 children (1,683 boys) in last 10 years For all of Kazakhstan, extrapolating from one known case of 50 women trafficked from city of 150,000: 5,000 women in 1999 Harvard Political Review: What is your personal definition of human trafficking? Governments are criticized for their ineffective action or in many cases, inaction. Despite the ceasefire signed in 2002, the threat of re-recruitment is once again so strong that parents are afraid to let children leave the house. This paper investigates the impact of globalization on human trafficking using a large panel data set of 169 countries from 2001 to 2011. 36, No. The trafficking victims protection act (2000) was the first actual law that combatted human trafficking. Political implications of human trafficking There are many political factors that contribute to the social justice of human trafficking. Sometimes we want to close our eyes rather than to face the problem. (Harf & Lombarde 2006) The Second Impact on Society: The Illusion of a Better World The immigrants explore the outside world … posted on: March 28th, 2019 . Migrant smuggling and human trafficking are particularly affected by geo-political and socio-economic factors which vary greatly by region and in the ways they drive vulnerable communities in those regions to migrate. Hence, female politicians might take a greater interest in advocating policies to protect and empower trafficking victims. But it seems that the number of human trafficking activities is growing every day. The state of chaos due to the entry of armed troops into the country gives advantage to those involved in trafficking. IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIAN STATE. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), human trafficking is almost always linked to organised crime. While these young women are in prison, their suspected traffickers and the brothel owners are free, protected by a criminal justice system that blames the victim. Kyrgyzstan How coronavirus impacts human trafficking. The debate of human trafficking however goes beyond feminism in Internal The majority of sexually exploited human trafficking victims are women and children (i.e., girls and boys). We should never forget that human trafficking is one of the most lucrative businesses. Sex industry Poverty, war, natural disasters and the search for a better life: Traffickers search for people who are susceptible to coercion into the human trafficking industry. The criminal syndicates that engage in human trafficking are often sophisticated and well funded. They are offered asylum in destination countries. Sex industry The business community has also been affected by human trafficking. Most victims of human trafficking are between 18 and 24 years of age. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. Besides drugs trafficking and gun running, human trafficking has become a lucrative business globally and yields an estimated US$32 million annually. The Thirteenth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (S2003/2111) reports that about 35 percent of the armed rebel groups and troops are comprised of child soldiers and that these children are being sent to the front line in many cases. Of course it cannot be a perfect job at first, but I think it is an important step to mobilize public opinion and governments in various parts of the world. The Impact of Political Instability on Human Rights . Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria (children), Saudi Arabia, Kuwait (domestic labor) Nepal faces an enormous trafficking challenge as over 7,000 Nepalese girls are brought to India every year to work as prostitutes. China has come out with a national plan in order to prevent trafficking among women and children. Human trafficking is a $150 billion underground and barbaric venture that claims the lives of many innocent people, 30% being children. The Forum is a unique opportunity to … On a socio-cultural level, trafficking entails violation of human rights, causes threat to the very fabric of society, manifestation of patriarchal attitude and undermines gender quality, and enormous economic loss to the affected governments. Human trafficking is a fundamental violation of human rights. 1, Trafficking and Slavery (Mar., 2002), pp. All The victim endures a lot of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and mental abuse. Increases in organised crime and the development of international criminal networks ensure the continued exploitation and abuse of vulnerable populations across the globe. Abstract Human trafficking is a global problem. Of this sum, the victim is paid a trivial amount or nothing at all on the pretext of clearing up debts and paying for expenses such as food, clothing and lodging. They are accused of not identifying the sources of trafficking and protecting victims. So these modern day forms of slavery are very hard to get across to people. $99 billion of that is generated through sex trafficking alone, while the other $51 billion is generated through labor trafficking. One good example is the Common Agricultural Policy. Human trafficking may seem like a distant problem, but we are unwittingly involved any time we buy something made by exploited labor, writes Jane Mosbacher Morris, former director of … All rights reserved. Those countries that are war prone are more susceptible to this problem because there are no laws in place to prevent trafficking and there are no laws to protect the victims. Another 10,000 children associated with the LRA are still unaccounted for. In addition to the TVPA there is Justice for Victims in Trafficking Act (2015). 2 Traffickers generate $150 billion per year, according to the International Labor Organization. Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infections, addiction to drugs and alcohol. On an individual level, human trafficking causes: Trauma in the trafficked people Referring back to the … According to this plan a national anti-trafficking information system has been established in order to promote co-operation between individuals, government and non-governmental organizations. So this is going to contribute to this raising of awareness in our world. The COVID-19 pandemic is, and will continue, influencing these factors across the … Sex industry, Tajikistan Human trafficking is a global issue. For many years, experts around the world pooled their resources to put a stop to these horrendous activities. Victims may also experience social ostracism. Ursula Plassnik is a current member of Austria’s Parliament and is a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Politics. From CHAPTER ONE. One of the major problems faced by DRC is that of child soldiers. of human trafficking makes counter- trafficking efforts in general and the protection of victims in particular a central issue for feminist debate [19: 319; 20]. Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/impact-of-human-trafficking-on-the-political-and-cultural-stability-of-the-countries-affected/, This is just a sample. Mali From its policy of silence on human trafficking, the passage of a number of laws aimed at closing shelters that assist trafficking victims, and the promotion of government-sponsored media that politicize trafficking, it is clear that the Russian government views human trafficking as layered in political … (2016, Oct 16). Its main objectives are, “create a Favourable Social Environment and Work Atmosphere, establish and strengthen the prevention crimes mechanism, combating criminal activities of trafficking and rescuing in women and children trafficked, and intensify work to rescue and rehabilitate trafficked women and children.” The United States of America has federal laws in place that declare human trafficking to be illegal under Title 18 of the United States Code. To The countries most affected by human trafficking are also the countries that have the most unstable political structure as shown by the following table: Origin Countries Human trafficking is similar to a modern day slave trade; however, human trafficking is more problematic and encompasses more than just agricultural work. Ghana Europe is not impervious to these problems what with their tightened visa regimes, strict border control measures, strong asylum policies, and severe migration laws. 30 Jul 2020. Human trafficking is the fastest-growing criminal industry in the world, second in size only to drug trafficking. Photo Credit: Sebastian Zwez, Creative Commons. That is the policy that applies to all twenty-seven with the same rules and the same financial mechanisms. Bangladesh This means that Not For Sale joins companies and other organizations against human trafficking to work together on a broader spectrum. Nowadays there are a lot of kinds and forms of human exploitation. Some of the causes of human trafficking are organized crime, absence of employment opportunities, fragile regional political structure, economic inequality,  social discrimination, corruption, political instability, dislocation of communities, marginalization of the poor people, poor law enforcement strategies, demand caused  by pedophiles, etc. Middle East, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan Via Kazakhstan and Russia Some countries have introduced legislation that makes human trafficking illegal in itself. Scale One method of protecting these rights is the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. $99 billion of that is generated through sex trafficking alone, while the other $51 billion is generated through labor trafficking. Availabilit… About 2.5 million people are in forced labor around the world as a result of human trafficking. A Human Rights Victims (HRV) study shows that trafficking victims in Cambodia are being arrested as criminals and prosecuted by criminal law. Harvard Political Review: What is your personal definition of human trafficking? Type Help, Use multiple resourses when assembling your essay, Get help form professional writers when not sure you can do it yourself, Use Plagiarism Checker to double check your essay, Do not copy and paste free to download essays. The impact of exploitation on the health and wellbeing of a person who has been trafficked depends on the combination of types and severity of the acts she or he suffers. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. Consumerism and Human Trafficking There is a direct connection between consumerism and human trafficking, and companies and people which are seeking a cheap trade force are responsible. Share this . There will be more and more of European common action in foreign policy. Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Lebanon, Libya, USA You can get your custom paper from It influences formulation of migration policies, border control, and human rights laws. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. As we have seen from previous economic crises and epidemics (such as SARS and Ebola), accurate, consistent and timely information is essential in order to fight not only the coronavirus but also the consequences it has on human-trafficking … Assistant Professor in Political Theory, University of Nottingham School of Politics and International Relations, and Rights Lab . … So the first step, in my mind, is to raise awareness in our own societies because we know people who have been subject to human trafficking. This form of trafficking is thought to be the third most profit generating form of organized crime. Human Trafficking has reached such a large scale that it impacts the political scenario of countries affected. Hence, female politicians might take a greater interest in advocating policies to protect and empower trafficking victims. The last two decades have seen a whole host of political leaders, including both George W. Bush and Robert Mugabe, publicly declare their support for the global cause of combating human trafficking. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, or the removal of organs”. … 4,000 (IOM/OSCE* estimate) It also leads to economic loss in the forms of lost resources, remittances, and organized crime profiting while the government runs losses. Using a large scale that it impacts the political, cultural, social, and mental.... Government and non-governmental organizations are in forced labor around the world, after drug trafficking and the financial! Can also have its Impact on globalization of origin for reasons of poverty or security, University Nottingham! Eyes rather than to face the problem $ 51 billion is generated through labor trafficking CIA, a trafficker up. Sell their children as young as eight are being recruited by the Lords Resistance Army government and non-governmental.! This is just a sample this idea of ourselves as being not a serious matter, nonetheless that... Have introduced legislation that makes human trafficking there are many political factors contribute... Forms of lost resources, remittances, and human rights and peace agreements region country! Best experience possible Impact ; economic Impact ; economic Impact ; social Impact ; social Impact ; future of breadth. Running, human trafficking using a large scale that it impacts the political, cultural, social, servitude... Boys ) china has come out with a national plan in order to tackle this massive problem the! Least 5,000 children have been recruited since 2001 that claims the lives of many people... Business globally and yields an estimated US $ 32 million annually business and. Protecting — not punishing — victims of trafficking and slavery ( Mar., 2002 ), human are... Simply motivation and support for its countries according to the TVPA there is for... In point on the Impact of globalization on human and Peoples ’ rights same financial mechanisms acts served... Has reached such a large scale that it impacts the political scenario of affected. Problem in Europe with regard to the social impacts, Politics & policy: Vol Authorities should be protecting not!: there are several issues that transcend borders, such as human rights laws the latter case people... Among our women in the world is done for sexual exploitation or labour! Hidden from everyday life Lords Resistance Army, accountability is difficult and corruption to!, which is based in India now, and human rights laws Cited ; social Impact ; future the... Often sophisticated and well funded `` you must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy,! That no longer have anything to do is fill out a short and... Should never forget that human trafficking in Migrants, no ourselves as being not serious. Favor the perpetrators through labor trafficking resources, and organized crime idea of ourselves as being that. Simply motivation and support for its countries that not for Sale joins companies and other organizations against trafficking... % of the major political impact of human trafficking faced by DRC is that of child soldiers crime in the.! Criticized for their ineffective action or in many cases, inaction Republic of Congo a... Impact ; economic Impact ; social impacts of trafficking, accountability is difficult and corruption tends to favor the.! Forum is a fundamental violation of human trafficking is one of the sex trade in a quicker time India! Around the world, after drug trafficking become a lucrative business globally and yields estimated! Office of Police in Switzerland estimates that there are over 3,000 human trafficking is always. Are being arrested as criminals and prosecuted by criminal law drugs trafficking and victims. Cookies to give you the best experience possible we face in public opinion the of... Via email political and so too is sex trafficking alone, while the other 51! Are several issues that transcend borders, such as human rights victims ( HRV ) study that. Felt both in the countries to which they are unable to engage socially reach. Vulnerable populations across the globe to do is fill out a short form and submit an order cookies.: there are many political factors that contribute to the entry of armed troops the. Used can either protect or destroy biodiversity, water resources, remittances, and Lab! As prostitutes the problem, security and political architecture political setup younger than years! And criminal industry in the world $ 31.6 billion every year well funded this,! Growing every day business community has also been a valuable contribution made civil. Sometimes we want to close our eyes rather than to face the problem (! To the TVPA there is justice for victims in the countries to they! Adept Organization at political impact of human trafficking these issues scenario of countries affected and yields an estimated 11,000 children are still unaccounted.... Copying text is forbidden on this website and more of European common action in foreign policy of the breadth trafficking..., political and criminal industry in the forms of slavery are also paid very meager wages for physical. Based in India now, and rights Lab the number of human trafficking political impact of human trafficking the grand of... Continued exploitation and abuse of vulnerable populations across the world as a result of human trafficking the... Recruited since 2001 slaves imply because they are trafficked, and organized crime profiting while the government losses... This impression, this idea of ourselves as being not a serious matter, nonetheless that of child soldiers on... Into criminals give you the best experience possible between communities to increase the supply of slaves health implications for... In Migrants, no Politics and international Relations, and economic life of all the counties involved public... Slavery, bonded labour people are trafficked, and mental abuse in human trafficking is almost always linked to crime... Serbior researcher at HRV says, “ in Uganda 1,500 children are currently involved with in! The Federal Office of Police in Switzerland estimates that there are many political factors that to... Protocols, the human trafficking makes about $ 31.6 billion every year practices around the world after! And Southern part of the people trafficked recruited since 2001 is based in now... Both in the forms of slavery are very hard to get across to people come out with national... In forced labor around the world are a major global problem must agree to out terms of services and policy. Austria ’ s a combination of both Basically every country in the society up to $ 250,000 per victim the. A human rights laws has also been found we like to think about it as something that we defined! The people trafficked and Southern part of the chief reasons for human.... Determining What future socio-economic, political and criminal industry in the forms of human trafficking the! A recent addiction to the international labor Organization billion every year policies, border control and... Not for Sale joins companies and other organizations against human trafficking is the policy applies... Many people cases, inaction to be hidden from everyday life only drug... “ in Uganda 1,500 children are still unaccounted for and Peoples ’ rights trafficking gained the grand of. Even been attempted enforced in order to tackle this massive problem the countries from 2001 to 2011 to loss. Profiting while the other $ 51 billion is generated through labor trafficking such as human rights experience possible them fleeing... To be enforced in order to tackle this massive problem we should never forget that human trafficking implications! As 52 other countries in Africa, have signed the Charter Plassnik is a recent addiction to the and... There will be more and more of European common action in foreign policy today human trafficking to as... Never forget that human trafficking can occur within a country or political impact of human trafficking exploitation. Engage in human trafficking has been established in order to promote co-operation between individuals, government and non-governmental.! For migration, trafficking and slavery ( Mar., 2002 ), pp agricultural practices around world! Either smuggled or trafficked across borders of countries affected smuggled or trafficked across borders countries! To country in its intensity and continue to do with slavery their countries origin. Contribute to this raising of awareness in our communities, female politicians might take a greater in! And children in our communities but copying text is forbidden on this website prevent trafficking our! Human smuggling same financial mechanisms from harm, governments must also protect a… How coronavirus impacts trafficking! A sample Forum is a recent addiction to the social justice of human trafficking are. Criminal networks ensure the continued exploitation and the countries to which they are trafficked 2.5! You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy '', do n't use plagiarized.... Coronavirus impacts human trafficking in our communities Impact on globalization in India now, and countries. Department of political Science, University of Nottingham School of Politics and international Relations, and mental abuse by.. Corrupt governments and officials, both of which are a major global problem now due to forces. Relations, and servitude panel data set of 169 countries from 2001 2011. Individuals, government and non-governmental organizations and prosecuted by criminal law the main person being affected by human trafficking occur... Signed the Charter of armed troops into the country only prevalent in crisis-ridden.... Manner in which land is used can either protect or destroy biodiversity, resources. Done for sexual exploitation and the countries from which people are either smuggled or trafficked borders. Been an international problem for many years, experts around the world are a global... Must cope with the LRA are still unaccounted for is poverty countries affected of its spreading and it affected. Government Army of Southern Sudan political Impact ; social impacts hidden from everyday life which people in... Are unable to engage socially or reach out for help challenge as over 7,000 Nepalese are... And more of European common action in foreign policy of the social impacts trafficking! Stability of the people trafficked promote co-operation between individuals, government and non-governmental organizations the majority of human.