Microenvironment package: set of business models defining measures proposed for each of the microenvironments identified in the mapping process and tailored to their particular characteristics. We first recognize urban waste management as a complex multidimensional system and we outline its boundaries and its core components. [55] However, at the moment it is still far from these goals. European Hub for Digital Innovation and Sustainability, Amsterdam as model for turning waste into resources, ‘Designing Circular Waste Management Strategies: The Case of Organic Waste in Amsterdam’. With this information, it is possible to couple each mesoenvironment to a specific waste management approach. It allows for mapping the flows of the waste stream of interest through the city, identifying inputs, stocks, and outputs. Indeed, it set some ambitious targets in its sustainability agenda, such as separating 65% of waste by 2020 and becoming completely circular in 2050. Therefore, this treatment hampers the closure of the biological cycle in the city and it is not compatible with a circular strategy. [18, 23, 24] Since then, such systemic approaches were further developed and refined, gaining attention in several fields. Daily waste management includes collecting, weighing and registering garbage per occupier and per tenant in order to constantly look for opportunities to better the building’s footprint. Learn more. From analyzing this mesozone, we can assume that the organic waste produced here is a mix of household, industrial, and business waste plus green areas residues. This business model canvas includes four main elements, i.e., value proposition, value creation, value delivery, and value capture, each one comprising a set of components. A recent interdisciplinary research paper shows the way forward in designing effective circular waste management strategies: combining innovations in chemistry, business planning and behavioural science. Do you think that organic waste is a valuable waste stream? The Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2014 state that “food businesses which produce over 5kg of food waste per week must present food waste separately f… The main limitations connected to this area are an underdeveloped road network; potential resistance of farmers in using organic waste recycling products, lack of waste collection infrastructure, a large quantity of manure to be managed, and dispersion of the sources of waste throughout the area. A threshold of 6000 inhabitants per km2 was set to distinguish the two areas. 1 Capital general data Study Waste Management Case Study: Singapore flashcards from Sam Grimshaw's Chipping Campden School Academy class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or … This is not a suitable treatment for this kind of waste since, although energy and heat are produced, it does not allow for the recycling of nutrients and other organic waste components. This third pillar maps the system component “specific territory” and studies the region of interest using a multilevel approach inspired by the first stage of the STARR framework. Waste policy and management is a important pilar to achieve a circular economy Benchlearning and benchmarking Funds for waste innovations (ecodesign, new waste Evidence and Case Studies. Gigamap visualizing the major workflows, processes, and relationships of our proposed integrative methodology. Every city is influenced by the higher‐level context in which it is embedded, such as national regulations, international laws, and agreements. It is usually irrelevant to production processes and only worth its proper management when the exerted (external) pressures exceed the convenience of its disposal. We consider source‐separation a prerequisite to any sustainable waste management strategy. The business models create not only economic value but also environmental and social value. [8] Moreover, this methodology alone does not guarantee a circular strategy. Jos de Bruijn, city of Amsterdam . Finally, availability means that the practices chosen need to be already available for and exportable to the city of interest. The scores are then visualized in a radar plot, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of each practice, which represent the connecting node to the other pillars. The subject matter is extremely broad, and one must set boundaries to avoid dispersive and inconclusive results. Inadequate handling of generated solid waste causes serious hazards to environment as well as living beings. Each business model encompasses the whole system of activities[48] performed by the entire network of actors involved in waste management. However, between the current average waste management and a completely circular management there is still much room for improvement. [54] The city council is highly committed to sustainability and aims to be a pioneer in circularity. Or would you like to locate your business in the Amsterdam Science Park? Waste management is … Would you like to start separating organic waste? Abstract Solid Waste Management is a major concern worldwide. Indeed, the diagram shows that practically all household organic waste goes to the incineration plant which is the typical destination of mixed waste. Beside the illustration of our methodology, the case study of organic waste in Amsterdam produced valuable data and results. These are territory, urban community, and governance (Figure 2). The large room for improvement offered by organic waste management in Amsterdam makes it particularly interesting. 2015a, European Commission, Directive 2008/98/EC of The European Parliament And of The Council on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives], Official Journal of the European Union, L312, 2008, P Simoës, Energy from Waste ‐ Amsterdam, 2013, Metabolic, Afvalvrij DGTL, Op Weg Naar Het Eerste Circulaire Festival in Het Wereld, 2019, https://eur‐lex.europa.eu/legal‐content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen‐MacArthur‐Foundation‐Towards‐the‐Circular‐Economy‐vol.1.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/waste‐to‐energy.pdf, https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/70748NED/table?fromstatweb, https://www.amsterdam.nl/bestuur‐organisatie/volg‐beleid/duurzaamheid‐energie/agenda‐duurzaamheid/, http://mv.sites.ma‐cloud.nl/files/2016/01/afvalketen_in_beeld_grondstoffen_uit_amsterdam.pdf, http://eur‐lex.europa.eu/legal‐content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098, https://www.circle‐economy.com/insights/developing‐a‐roadmap‐for‐the‐first‐circular‐city‐amsterdam, https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/CN‐NL%20Bioenergy%20WS%208%20May%202013%20(Waste%20incineration%20Amsterdam%20Peter%20Simoes%20AEB).pdf, https://www.metabolic.nl/publications/afvalvrij‐dgtl/, Protix, Eggbrane, PeelPioneer, ChainCraft, Renewi. During the interviews carried on for the production of the MFA we found that most residents are confused about the waste stream destination of several goods and about the location of the dedicated bring‐points for recyclables. The main opportunities of this mesoenvironment are well‐developed road networks and waste collection infrastructures, residential neighborhoods with a well‐developed sense of community, some green areas as a destination of organic waste recycling products, some outdoor space, and mainly low‐medium‐rise buildings. [25, 28] According to Ryan,[28] such an approach encourages innovative solutions to complex problems such as waste management. Drop us a line and we help you to find a perfect match. The main limitations found in this case are extremely high population density, limited underground space for new bring‐points and excavation works which create strong inconveniences, pests (e.g., rats), repetition, can be erased a large hospitality sector and many food retailers. Do you currently separate other waste in your household (plastic, glass, textile, paper)? [18, 23] In the last decades, several developed countries have started implementing an integrative waste management. The City Center (het centrum): The Amsterdam city center present peculiar characteristics, it is a residential area but it is also the center of tourism and shopping. Design thinking allows for “zooming in,” identifying and visualizing systems’ leverage points that can be targeted with tangible and effective solutions. Evaluation of the practice’s impact on the environment (CO2 emission, pollution, nutrient recycling), Evaluation of the economic feasibility of the practice (investment, maintenance costs, valuable output), Analysis of the logistic implication of the practice (transportation, storage, area required), Analysis of the potential impact of the practice on the society (acceptance, refusal, participation), Evaluation of the implementation feasibility of the practice according to current legislation. [25] HD is used in the first stage of system design as a method of problem definition, before stepping over to the stage of solutions design. In addition, proper organic waste treatment would allow for the production of renewable energy and the creation of valuable materials[57] out of a waste stream that is currently used at its lowest value. Once the business models have been evaluated to satisfaction, we can integrate them for the different subenvironments into a city‐wide strategy for the whole city. Area: 219 km2 (1/4 water) Population: 2.0 million (Metropolitan Area Amsterdam) Density: 4939 inhabitants/km2 GDP: 38600 per capita in € Amount of MSW (2011): 596 kg/capita Academia: VU University– Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Business: Amsterdam Economic Board Public authority: City of Amsterdam, Afval Energie Bedrijf The Amsterdam Area has all of the key assets to be … In an ideal circular economy, waste should gradually disappear. Complex problems often require complex solutions. different locations and waste streams. [17] These are current practices, which make the system unsustainable and that, if changed, can produce a large impact. Mixed Collection with Residual Waste: The majority of the organic waste produced in the city, especially from households, is not separately collected and ends up in residual waste. In this case study, we develop only the second stage of the methodology, as the first stage is the same for any waste management strategy and the third stage, the actual strategy‐making process, is beyond the scope of this paper. [18] The major limitation of current waste management systems was identified by many as a lack of “systems thinking.”[18, 23, 31, 34]. Our methodology draws upon system thinking, systemic design, and holistic diagnosis approaches, integrating the principles of the circular economy and sustainable waste management. A recent interdisciplinary research paper shows the way forward in designing effective circular waste management strategies: combining innovations in chemistry, business planning and behavioural science. This pillar maps the system component of relative governance, including all the processes of interaction between and within the different actors involved in the organization/regulation/control of waste management in the city. Inadequate handling of generated solid waste causes serious hazards to environment as well as living beings. This volume comprises chapters which form the evidence for the Government Chief Scientific Adviser’s Report: From waste to resource productivity, together with illustrative case studies. The survey also includes demographic questions, to gain insights into the respondents’ sample composition. “This type of collaboration requires actors with an open mind and a clear systems perspective on how to change our linear make-take-waste approach and bend it to a circular – make-use-reuse – model,” says Dr Slootweg. To help achieve this goal, a new interdisciplinary research paper ‘Designing Circular Waste Management Strategies: The Case of Organic Waste in Amsterdam’ presents a toolbox to help any city to take a systematic approach to managing their waste streams. Similarly, each low‐impact pro or con counts as +1 or ‐1. [18, 30, 46] The repetition social investigation relies on data about the major barrier and incentives perceived by city‐level actors with regard to waste separation. Building height is a relevant spatial characteristic since taller residential buildings produce a larger amount of waste per area unit. Building on Bocken et al.’s,[49] which in turn reinterpreted Osterwalder and Pigneur,[50] we propose the following modified business model canvas shown in Figure 3 as a guiding and visualizing tool for these models. HD analysis and visualization of the current scenario, considering material flows and the surrounding context; Using the HD results to identify leverage points, opportunities and challenges in the system. [64] Obviously, waste management alone is insufficient, if other measures are not taken at the top of the event chain (e.g., changing product design practices). It comprises the mapping of the current situation and the quality and quantity of its processes. This is an important process that avoids misleading evaluations based on a single viewpoint. It also identifies potential losses and inefficiencies in the system. Although the sample is significantly large and diverse, the survey exposed some bias given the already high engagement of respondents with recycling in general, which make them more prone to be willing to start separating also organic waste. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 General Preview The environment is heading towards a potential risk due to unsustainable waste disposal. [14] According to Ng et al.,[15] undertaking a circular economy approach with systems thinking at its core, results in various economic, environmental, and social benefits in addressing waste problems. “The creation of a waste-free society requires new technologies to allow the use of waste as a resource and new circular business models,” says Dr Slootweg. In addition, the sample should be diverse to realistically represent the city, therefore respondents should be distributed throughout the territory, be of various age ranges and living in different housing solutions. Sustainable business model canvas proposed as a template for the production of business models resulting from the multi‐pillar approach methodology adapted from ref. Table 4 shows the list of best practices selected for the Amsterdam case study. The research is focused on processes, and offers tools such as guidelines, frameworks, and recommendations rather than instructions. The sample is representative of the city population above 20 years old which was the main target. Here we propose an innovative research methodology which, by introducing both these features in waste management strategy‐making, facilitates the transition toward a circular approach. I am planning to work with your essay writing company in the future. The statistical methods used are Time Series, Correlation and Geospatial Analysis in addition to the common Material Flow Analysis and a Life Cycle Assessment. Agricultural Area: This mesoenvironment is located at the northern part of the east side of the city, as part of the Noord district. A full implementation of the methodology requires far more resources (our interpretation and realization of the synthesis stage for the case study is available in the Supporting Information). Our current linear “produce‐use‐waste” economic system is unsustainable. This worldwide problem is also predominating in Jaipur city also. The separation of organic waste is useless, I do not care about organic waste separation. The application of the methodology is illustrated with a case study of organic waste management in Amsterdam. The business models address the leverage points uncovered in the current situation, include a combination of the best practices identified, take into account the territorial characteristic mapped for each subenvironment and the result of the social investigation. [15] It also unifies stage 1 and 2 of the systemic design for the circular economy framework, namely HD and identification of leverage points. However, it … Case Studies 3-4: Two Low-Level Waste Case Studies from Canada. Learn about our remote access options, Faculty of Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098XH The Netherlands, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 141, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ the Netherlands, Faculty of Economics and Business, Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, Amsterdam, 1018TV The Netherlands, Faculty of Science, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098XH The Netherlands. They are based on moving waste streams outside cities and disposing of them. Case Study: Organic Waste in Amsterdam: Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands, a city spread over nearly 220 km2 and home to more than 800 000 people. in the late 20th century, rising prosperity led to a greater production and consumption of goods and a consequent increase in waste generation 2 It was verified that the Infinity Tower generated a high amount of recyclable waste that was being disposed to landfills and there was an opportunity of increasing the waste diverted to recycling and reduce waste management costs. We provide a toolbox for transforming current linear and fragmented waste management processes into integrative and circular strategies. As the analysis of this area showed that most of the land is dedicated to agriculture or cattle breeding, we can conclude that most of the organic waste in the area is produced by farmers. The analysis of this mesozone suggests that organic waste is produced mainly by food services, the hospitality sector, and households. These include key activities (i.e., waste collection, transportation, and processing), supporting activities (i.e., incentivizing methods and monitoring), and related activities, which allow to close the loop and make the business model as circular as possible. The concept is subsequently demonstrated through a case study focusing on the municipality of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) and the management of organic waste streams. Each component is processed with specific tools and with the aim of mapping leverage points, challenges, and opportunities that can work as connection points (nodes) between them for their successive reintegration. I have no space for a separate organic waste bin. The mapping stage is the core of our methodology and is based on a multipillar approach. A recent study prepared for the Commission estimates that full implementation of EU waste legislation would save 72 billion euros per year, increase the annual turnover of the EU waste management and recycling sector by 42 billion euros and create over 400.000 jobs by 2020 - … Innovation means that, all other parameters being comparable, innovative solutions are preferable to traditional ones, because they introduce new methods and features and exploit the latest technological developments. While Osterwalder and Pigneur,[50] in their business model canvas, conceptualize the relationship with other actors for value creation as “partnerships,” we prefer to adopt Bocken et al.’s,[49] “key stakeholders” construct, to capture the multiple types of actors, relationships, and influences, which are crucial for the circular business model to create value. A toolbox is presented for transforming the current linear and fragmented waste management processes into integrative and circular strategies. Concern over environment is being seen a massive increase in recycling globally which has grown to be an important part of modern civilization. Based on the MFA and on information gathered for its production, we can identify five leverage points in the current management of organic waste in Amsterdam. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, The value proposition consists of the products and services offered “and the value embedded in them.”[51] Within the value proposition, we replace Bocken et al.’s,[49] “profit” component, which indicates a more narrow view of value in terms of “financial return,” with “economic,” to reflect a systemic perspective and embrace the entire positive impact created by the business model in the economy. [17] Such points represent the connection node of this mapping pillar since they give information about problems and weaknesses of the current system, and offer an integration opportunity with other analysis pillars. “The challenge in a circular economy is that we need to prevent valuable products downgrading into worthless waste,” says Dr Chris Slootweg, an associate professor at the University of Amsterdam who specialises in circular chemistry to solve waste issues – by creating resources that we already use and need. We promoted the questionnaire digitally through a dedicated website, a Facebook page and by sharing it in several digital platforms. This last stage involves the actual strategy‐making through the synthesis of the results obtained in the multipillars mapping. There is a high concentration of retailers and hospitality sector services, many businesses, and offices but a lack of green spaces. While some of the points to be evaluated are easily observable, others, such as the environmental or economic benefit produced by the business models, should be calculated. Festivals, because they are a kind of closed systems and therefore can be used as a testing ground for implementing circular strategies at a small scale. Radar plots for the different practices wherein each of the five axes shows the score of one perspective. Finally, we reintegrate the results from the mapping process through the connection nodes, obtaining a systemic overview of relationships and processes, which serves as a frame for a circular strategy. [15, 25] In addition, we evaluate the fitness of the business models proposed in an integrative and circular strategy, whose production is the objective of such methodology. Mr. Garamszeghy’s presentation was split into three parts: background on Canadian nuclear regulation and management, a case study on the Port Hope Area Initiative (PHAI), and a case study on the Deep Geological Repository for low- and intermediate-level wastes. Lack of Transparency: This was deduced from the extreme difficulty encountered during the data collection for the production of this MFA. The sample shows a clear engagement towards waste separation which is surely not representative of the entire population. [18] In practice, however, this theory is rarely applied. Amsterdam is a world leader in encouraging alternatives to car travel and in its electric vehicle infrastructure. Street markets, because of their high concentration in the city and their production of a large quantity of organic waste daily on one site. Sustainability assessment, evaluating the benefits and impacts of the system designed in the environmental and social dimensions. To this aim, the practices are exposed and analyzed through practical case studies. This approach considers five different perspectives (5 P: environmental, economic, logistic, social, and legislative), and allows for a thorough and systemic assessment of each practice’s impacts and outcomes. For the part implemented in the paper, the case study presents two limitations. Then, as the residential part is the most extended and diverse area, it was further divided into two subenvironments based on population density and building heights. Residential Areas with High Population Density: Most of this area is residential, with many small commercial activities, business and industrial areas are very limited, and there are green areas. The value delivery describes the targeted customer segments and how the relationships with them “are structured and managed.”[52] While Bocken et al.,[49] include the “channel” component in the value delivery, we conceptualize this component as “nodes,” as we consider this construct to be more representative of the multiple types of points of contact that may be established with customers to deliver value. Incineration: By observing the MFA, it is clear that most of the organic waste produced in the city is incinerated. Indeed, the MFA is an effective tool for identifying the limitations and bottlenecks in the current system,[23] and helps us find the leverage points. It is a sensitive issue which concerns about serious environmental problems in today’s world. Moreover, we see that incineration requires the addition of chemicals in the process and produces emissions, flue gasses, and ashes, which must be disposed of afterwards. According to Khan and Samadder,[42] the main activities of solid waste management are generation of waste, on‐site handling, collection, transportation, recycling, and disposal. Integrated waste management facility Kent Enviropower, Allington Quarry, Kent . The last pillar thus covers the system component “community response” and maps the social engagement toward the waste stream of interest. It was designed for the global financial firm and main tenant, Deloitte. However, a full implementation requires the cooperation of all stakeholders involved in the processes and the contribution of different disciplines and fields of expertise. Waste management during build-up, event and breakdown is based on the principle of 100% recycling, where producers pay for their own waste. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. The social investigation encompassed a survey based on a questionnaire translated both in Dutch and in English. The separate collection rate on total municipal waste generation in Amsterdam is 14% which is very low and well below average of the performance in the country. The overall “waste management” supersystem is very complex and presents a myriad of components. [56] This is especially true for organic waste, which currently is not separated, but just incinerated with residual waste. It can provide solutions to complex issues in economic, environmental, and social contexts. In addition, our society’s ability to dispose of the waste produced at such a high rate is coming to an end. Materials are used rather than consumed and this is done in a cascading way, preserving their value and complexity as much as possible. The first is the lack of data accessibility for the MFA that forced us to make many assumptions (this reflects the murkiness of current waste management, which makes it even more difficult to change). Conclusions and recommendation . 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