Indonesian adopts English words with standardisation. Indonesian, Malay and Avar variant of MUHAMMAD. However, Indonesian, as it is known today, was heavily influenced by several languages due to historical ties with other nations. This article is about the official language of Indonesia. 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Other examples of the use of affixes to change the meaning of a word can be seen with the word ajar (teach): Noun affixes are affixes that form nouns upon addition to root words. Word order is frequently modified for focus or emphasis, with the focused word usually placed at the beginning of the clause and followed by a slight pause (a break in intonation): The last two are more likely to be encountered in speech than in writing. In 1945, Indonesian was already in widespread use;[26] in fact, it had been for roughly a thousand years. Pie chart showing percentage of other languages contribute on loan words of Indonesian language. Saya is the more formal form, whereas aku is used with family, friends, and between lovers. Indonesia hosts a variety of traditional verbal arts such as poetry, historical narratives, romances, and drama; which are expressed in local languages, but modern genres are expressed mainly through Indonesian. Top 100 names from around the world + Penpal Statistics @ Students of the World. For example, Dutch schroef [ˈsxruf] > sekrup [səˈkrup] (screw (n.)). If the penult has a schwa, then stress moves to the ante-penultimate syllable if there is one, even if that syllable has a schwa as well; if the word is disyllabic, the stress is final. For example, maha-, pasca-, eka-, bi-, anti-, pro- etc. Likewise /x/ may be replaced with [h] or [k] by some speakers. As a popular saying goes, ‘a name is a prayer you give to a child’.Discover beautiful Indonesian names and what they mean. 24 of 2009 concerning Languages, it is mandatory to use Bahasa Indonesia to name buildings, roads, apartments or housing, office buildings, trade names, business entities, educational institutions, and organizations which are established or owned by Indonesian nationals or Indonesian legal entities. "active voice", with AVO word order), memper- and diper- (causative, agent and patient focus), ber- (stative or habitual; intransitive VS order), and ter- (agentless actions, such as those which are involuntary, sudden, stative or accidental, for VA = VO order); the suffixes -kan (causative or benefactive) and -i (locative, repetitive, or exhaustive); and the circumfixes ber-...-an (plural subject, diffuse action) and ke-...-an (unintentional or potential action or state). [43] Indonesian has been taught in Australian schools and universities since the 1950s. Use of the national language is abundant in the media, government bodies, schools, universities, workplaces, among members of the upper-class or nobility and also in formal situations, despite the 2010 census showing only 19.94% of over-five-year-olds speak mainly Indonesian at home. Means "Betawi" in Arabic, referring to an ethnic group native to the city of Jakarta in Indonesia. Some Protestant denominations refer to their congregation jemaat (from Arabic: جماعة‎ jamāʻa = group, a community). Alpha Omega Translations is a translation, interpretation, and desktop publishing company founded on a strong passion to help people connect globally, regardless of what language they speak or country they live in. In time, the spelling system is further updated and the latest update of Indonesian spelling system issued on 26 November 2015 by Minister of Education and Culture decree No 50/2015. A person with two names often uses one name plus the initial of the other name. Javanese is a Sunda-Sulawe… Indonesian is one of the many varieties of Malay. However, there are also dedicated personal pronouns, as well as the demonstrative pronouns ini "this, the" and itu "that, the". There are four types of affixes: prefixes (awalan), suffixes (akhiran), circumfixes (apitan) and infixes (sisipan). Sanskrit words and sentences are also used in names, titles, and mottos of the Indonesian National Police and Indonesian Armed Forces such as: Bhayangkara, Laksamana, Jatayu, Garuda, Dharmakerta Marga Reksyaka, Jalesveva Jayamahe, Kartika Eka Paksi, Swa Bhuwana Paksa, Rastra Sewakottama, Yudha Siaga, etc. Malagasy, a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean; the Philippines national language, Filipino; and the native language of New Zealanders, Māori language are also members of this language family. mainly those who reside within the vicinity of Jakarta and other large predominantly Indonesian-speaking cities such as Medan and Balikpapan), over 200 million people regularly make use of the national language, with varying degrees of proficiency. Loanwords from Portuguese were mainly connected with articles that the early European traders and explorers brought to Southeast Asia. For negating imperatives or advising against certain actions in Indonesian, the word jangan (do not) is used before the verb. [5][6] However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian. Originally titled Belenggu and translated into many languages, including English and German. Indonesian grammar does not regularly mark plurals. Anda sekalian is polite plural. Words in English from the Indonesian/Malay language: gecko ketchup tempeh (from "tempe") bamboo sarong cockatoo amok mango orangutan ("man of the forest") Indonesian Alphabet. While this is a phenomenon common to most languages in the world (for example, spoken English does not always correspond to its written standards), the proximity of spoken Indonesian (in terms of grammar and vocabulary) to its normative form is noticeably low. The langue gained pro… [12][13] Originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra,[14] Malay has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium. A regional language of Indonesia, Sundanese is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family spoken by around 39 million people. With thousands of islands and hundreds of different languages, the newly independent country of Indonesia had to find a national language that could realistically be spoken by the majority of the population and that would not divide the nation by favouring one ethnic group, namely the Javanese, over the others. Also, not all reduplicated words are inherently plural, such as orang-orangan "scarecrow/scarecrows", biri-biri "a/some sheep" and kupu-kupu "butterfly/butterflies". These Dutch loanwords, and many other non-Italo-Iberian, European language loanwords that came via Dutch, cover all aspects of life. pustaka (from Sanskrit), kitab (from Arabic) and buku (from Dutch boek); however, each has a slightly different meaning. Javanese has its own writing system, but is also written using Latin and Arabic scripts. There are grammatical adjectives in Indonesian. The nationalist movement that ultimately brought Indonesian to its national language status rejected Dutch from the outset. Even then, Dutch administrators were remarkably reluctant to promote the use of Dutch compared to other colonial regimes. 7674 Audubon Meadow Way • Alexandria, VA 22306 • (USA) T: 877-421-5958 • F: 703-995-0949, For an overview of our translation expertise, visit our. Similarly, while hati means "heart" or "liver", hati-hati is a verb meaning "to be careful". Appendix:Indonesian given names. Adjectives are always placed after the noun that they modify. Using se- plus a measure word is closer to English "one" or "a certain": Indonesian is written with the Latin script. Both /e/ and /ə/ are represented with ⟨e⟩. In 1947, the spelling was changed into Republican Spelling or Soewandi Spelling (named by at the time Minister of Education, Soewandi). By borrowing heavily from numerous other languages, it expresses a natural linguistic evolution; in fact, it is as natural as the next language, as demonstrated in its exceptional capacity for absorbing foreign vocabulary.[49]. The short story below consists of approximately 80 words in Indonesian that are written using Sanskrit words alone, except for a few pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and affixes. Another example would be olahragawan, which equates to "sportsman", and olahragawati, meaning sportswoman. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words are inspired by the Dutch language.[71]. Sa(ha)ya may also be used for "we", but in such cases it is usually used with sekalian or semua "all"; this form is ambiguous as to whether it corresponds with inclusive kami or exclusive kita. They now turn to Greek names or use the original Hebrew Word. [51] These six vowels are shown in the table below. It is sometimes said that the Indonesian language is an artificial language, meaning that it was designed by academics rather than evolving naturally as most common languages have,[49] in order to accommodate the political purpose of establishing an official and unifying language of Indonesia. Roach, P. (1982). Examples are the early Sanskrit borrowings from the 7th century during the trading era, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian during the time of the establishment of Islam in particular, and those from Dutch during the colonial period. In other languages. Add links. When the Dutch East India Company (VOC) first arrived in the archipelago, the Malay language was a significant trading and political language due to the influence of Malaccan Sultanate and later the Portuguese. In fact, they consciously prevented the language from being spread by refusing to provide education, especially in Dutch, to the native Indonesians so they would not come to see themselves as equals. Within the top 1000 baby names then, there were 2 Indonesian names. Indonesian does not have a grammatical subject in the sense that English does. Complete Indonesian Baby Girl Names Collection . In addition to National Universities, private institutions have also started to offer courses, like the Indonesia Australia Language Foundation and the Lembaga Indonesia Amerika. [51][55] Non-native consonants that only occur in borrowed words, principally from Arabic and English, are shown in parentheses. Using the "ter-" prefix, implies a state of being. [20] The term Bahasa Indonesia itself had been proposed by Mohammad Tabrani in 1926,[21] and Tabrani had further proposed the term over calling the language Malay language during the First Youth Congress in 1926. In verbs, the prefix me- is often dropped, although an initial nasal consonant is often retained, as when mengangkat becomes ngangkat (the basic word is angkat). Many Arabic words were brought and spread by merchants from Arab Peninsula like Arabian, Persian, and from the western part of India, Gujarat where many Muslims lived. For example, in the sentence "anjing itu galak", the use of "itu" gives a meaning of "the/that dog is ferocious", while "anjing ini galak", gives a meaning of "this dog is ferocious". Rendra, poet Chairil Anwar, and cinematographer Garin Nugroho. A pustaka is often connected with ancient wisdom or sometimes with esoteric knowledge. The Indonesian words for the Bible and Gospel are Alkitab and Injil, both directly derived from Arabic. It is solely a masculine name in India and Bangladesh while it is unisex in Indonesia. However, the rapid disappearance of Dutch was a very unusual case compared with other colonised countries, where the colonial language generally has continued to function as the language of politics, bureaucracy, education, technology, and other fields of importance for a significant time after independence. Modern Indonesian draws many of its words from foreign sources, there are many synonyms. Indonesian also receives many English words as a result of globalisation and modernisation, especially since the 1990s, as far as the Internet's emergence and development until the present day. This results in various vernacular varieties of Indonesian, the very types that a foreigner is most likely to hear upon arriving in any Indonesian city or town. Indonesian, while allowing for relatively flexible word orderings, does not mark for grammatical case, nor does it make use of grammatical gender. For example: Mas ("older brother"), Mbak ("older sister"), Koko ("older brother") and Cici ("older sister"). It is estimated that there are some 750 Sanskrit loanwords in modern Indonesian, 1,000 Arabic loans, some of Persian and Hebrew origin, some 125 words of Portuguese, some of Spanish and Italian origin, and 10,000 loanwords from Dutch. Instead, a local language with far fewer native speakers than the most widely spoken local language was chosen (nevertheless, Malay was the second most widely spoken language in the colony after Javanese, and had many L2 speakers using it for trade, administration, and education). Most of the speakers live in western Java, but there are Sundanese speakers found on other Indonesian islands as well. Minahasa Surname. aktiviti (Malaysian) vs. aktivitas (Indonesian), universiti (Malaysian) vs. universitas (Indonesian)). It might be attributed to its ancestor, the Old Malay language (which can be traced back to the 7th century). One notable example is Shackles which was written by Armijn Pane in 1940. [22], Malay (VOS):"Jang dinamakan 'Bahasa Indonesia' jaitoe bahasa Melajoe jang soenggoehpoen pokoknja berasal dari 'Melajoe Riaoe' akan tetapi jang soedah ditambah, dioebah ataoe dikoerangi menoeroet keperloean zaman dan alam baharoe, hingga bahasa itoe laloe moedah dipakai oleh rakjat diseloeroeh Indonesia; pembaharoean bahasa Melajoe hingga menjadi bahasa Indonesia itoe haroes dilakoekan oleh kaoem ahli jang beralam baharoe, ialah alam kebangsaan Indonesia" Indonesian names and naming customs reflect the multicultural and polyglot nature of the over 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago.The world's fourth most populous nation, Indonesia is home to approximately 365 ethnic groups, each with their own culture, customs, and language.The state officially recognises more than 300 of these ethnic groups. There are direct borrowings from various other languages of the world, such as karaoke (from カラオケ) from Japanese, and ebi (from えび) which means dried shrimp. All Indonesia presidents since the country gained independence in 1945 have been all native Javanese speakers. Away from the major cities and areas of dense population, there are significant variations from one valley to the next and almost from one village to the next. For a more complete list of these, see List of loanwords in Indonesian. Engkau (əngkau), commonly shortened to kau, and hang are used to social inferiors, awak to equals, and əncik (cek before a name) is polite, traditionally used for people without title. These are used when there is no emphasis on the pronoun: Here ku-verb is used for a general report, aku verb is used for a factual statement, and emphatic aku-lah meng-verb (≈ "I am the one who...") for focus on the pronoun.[63]. Neither the language with the most native speakers (Javanese) nor the language of the former European colonial power (Dutch) was to be adopted. The Malay language belongs to the Austronesian family and it is the most widely spoken language in the country with ten dialects, and the official standardized dialect being the Bahasa. Indonesian gua "I" (from Hokkien Chinese: 我; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: góa) and lu "you" (Chinese: 汝; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú) are slang and extremely informal. It was most influenced by the then current Dutch spelling system. [20] Despite still being a second language to most Indonesians, it is unquestionably the language of the Indonesian nation as a whole, as it has had unrivalled success as a factor in nation-building and the strengthening of Indonesian identity. Batak people of Sumatra, for example, Nasution, Hutagaol, Sitompul, Karokaro, Rajagukguk, or Sinaga. In this way, it is similar to many other languages of Asia, including Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, and Bengali. The official language is Indonesian (locally known as bahasa Indonesia), a standardised form of Malay, which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. Find out how surnames are ranked in popularity, how many people in the United States of America bear a particular name, and how the statistics change between 1990 and 2000 US Censuses. Indonesian follows the letter names of the Dutch alphabet. Bahasa Indonesia: The Indonesian Language. Alpha Omega Translations provides multilingual translation, interpretation, transcription, localization, editing, glossary development, desktop publishing and design, and writing for private and government entities. 24/ 2009 mentions explicitly the status of the Indonesian language.[46]. However, if "itu" or "ini" were not to be used, then "anjing galak" would meaning only "ferocious dog", a plain adjective without any stative implications. As for pronunciation, the diphthongs ai and au on the end of base words are typically pronounced as /e/ and /o/. In an interview, Department of Education Secretary Armin Luistro[79] said that the country's government should promote Indonesian or Malay, which are related to Filipino. In addition, there are digraphs that are not considered separate letters of the alphabet:[64]. ANIRAH f Indonesian, Malay (Rare), Filipino, Maranao The standard dialect, however, is rarely used in daily conversations, being confined mostly to formal settings. A regional language of Indonesia, Sundanese is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family spoken by around 39 million people. Stative verbs are often used for this purpose as well. [53] They are: Some analyses assume that these diphthongs are actually a monophthong followed by an approximant, so ⟨ai⟩ represents /aj/, ⟨au⟩ represents /aw/, and ⟨oi⟩ represents /oj/. In marked contrast to the French, Spanish and Portuguese, who pursued an assimilation colonial policy, or even the British, the Dutch did not attempt to spread their language among the indigenous population. It is regulated in Chapter XV, 1945 Constitution of Indonesia about the flag, official language, coat of arms, and national anthem of Indonesia. Its ancestor, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, a descendant of the Proto-Austronesian language, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE, possibly as a result of the southward expansion of Austronesian peoples into Maritime Southeast Asia from the island of Taiwan. The language is also one of the most widely used in the country with 98 million Indonesian people being identified as native Javanese speakers. These are used to differentiate several parameters of the person they are referred to, such as the social rank and the relationship between the addressee and the speaker. My name is: Indonesian: Selamat pagi : Nama saya : Pronunciation: seh-LA-maht PAH-gee: NA-mas-AH-yah: Did You Know You Were Speaking Indonesian. What Is Indonesian? Especially since the late 12th century, Old Malay was heavily influenced by the language and produced many great literary works such as Syair, Babad, Hikayat, and Suluk. The compounds makcik and pakcik are used with village elders one is well acquainted with or the guest of. [46] As mentioned previously, the language was based on Riau Malay,[10][48] though linguists note that this is not the local dialect of Riau, but the Malaccan dialect that was used in the Riau court. Alongside Malay, Portuguese was the lingua franca for trade throughout the archipelago from the sixteenth century through to the early nineteenth century. This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 19:21. There are three common forms of "you", Anda (polite), kamu (familiar), and kalian "all" (commonly used as a plural form of you, slightly informal). [45] Also, in Chapter III, Section 25 to 45, Government regulation No. 62 Native Indonesian Girl Names With Meanings Reduplication may also indicate the conditions of variety and diversity as well, and not simply plurality. and Hindi contributing during the flourishing of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms from the 2nd to the 14th century; followed by Arabic after the spread of Islam in the archipelago in the 13th century. The book containing the penal code is also called the kitab. As a modern variety of Malay, Indonesian has been influenced by other languages, including Dutch, English, Arabic, Chinese, Portuguese, Sanskrit, Tamil, Hindi, and Persian. Over 300 different native languages are spoken in Indonesia. As early as 1988, teachers of the language have expressed the importance of a standardised Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (also called BIPA, literally Indonesian Language for Foreign Speaker) materials (mostly books), and this need became more evident during the 4th International Congress on the Teaching of Indonesian to Speakers of Other Languages held in 2001.[78]. Common derivational affixes for nouns are peng-/per-/juru- (actor, instrument, or someone characterised by the root), -an (collectivity, similarity, object, place, instrument), ke-...-an (abstractions and qualities, collectivities), per-/peng-...-an (abstraction, place, goal or result). Some reduplication is rhyming rather than exact, as in sayur-mayur "(all sorts of) vegetables". Indonesian does not make use of grammatical gender, and there are only selected words that use natural gender. The ease with which Indonesia eliminated the language of its former colonial power can perhaps be explained as much by Dutch policy as by Indonesian nationalism. Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia, an archipelago of 17,508 islands that is the world's largest Muslim-majority nation, with a total population of nearly 242 million. At the kingdom of Srivijaya appeared and flourished, China opened diplomatic relations with the kingdom in order to secure trade and seafaring. "); kin terms, including fictive kinship, are extremely common. Allah (Arabic: الله‎), as it is mostly the case for Arabic speakers, is the word for God even in Christian Bible translations. While Indonesian is spoken as a mother tongue by only a small proportion of the population (i.e. For example, "buka" means "open", hence "terbuka" means "is opened"; "tutup" means "closed/shut", hence "tertutup" means "is closed/shut". Most people know that it can be found somewhere in the south of the Pacific Ocean, more or less in between mainland Asia and Australia, but beyond that many of us draw a blank. Three Reasons Financial Translation Can Be Tricky, Marketing in Spanish-Speaking Latin America: Why We Must Do Our Research. The VOA and BBC use Indonesian as their standard for broadcasting in Malay. For example, Indonesian has three words for "book", i.e. [38][39], Indonesian is neither a pidgin nor a creole since its characteristics do not meet any of the criteria for either. Although each language of the family is mutually unintelligible, their similarities are rather striking. Indonesian words for girl include gadis, cewek, anak perempuan, pemudi, puteri, nona, pacar wanita and babu. Find indonesian girl names list. [z] can also be an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.[56][57]. In disyllabic stress with a closed penultimate syllable, such as tinggal ('stay') and rantai ('chain'), stress falls on the penult. This status has made it relatively open to accommodate influences from other Indonesian ethnic languages, most notably Javanese as the majority ethnic group, and Dutch as the previous coloniser. [75] Indonesia's classic novels itself, have their own charm, offering insight into local culture and traditions and the historical background before and immediately after the country gained independence. Javanese is also recognized as the official language in East Java as well as in Central Java. The disparate evolution of Indonesian and Malaysian has led to a rift between the two standardised varieties. Indonesian alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with few exceptions. It was originally based on the Dutch spelling and still bears some similarities to it. This is commonly done to accomplish one of two things: For example, a polite shop assistant in a store may avoid the use of pronouns altogether and ask: For example, a friend may enquire as to when you bought your property, to which you may respond: Ultimately, the choice of voice and therefore word order is a choice between actor and patient and depends quite heavily on the language style and context. It was promoted by nationalists in the 1920s and achieved official status under the name Bahasa Indonesia in 1945. In intransitive clauses, the noun comes before the verb. It is a standardised variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. As a result, Malay words are written with that orthography such as: passer for the word Pasar or djalan for the word jalan, older Indonesian generation tend to have their name written in such order as well. Here you can deluge yourself with the distinctive list of Indonesia names. Either the agent or object or both may be omitted. MUHAMAD m Indonesian, Malay, Avar. The national language shall be Indonesian. Some analyses list 19 "primary consonants" for Indonesian as the 18 symbols that are not in parentheses in the table as well as the glottal stop [ʔ]. For instance, the same word is used for he/him and she/her (dia or ia) or for his and her (dia, ia or -nya). No dialect or regional language is too obscure, as everyone deserves to be able to communicate with the rest of the world. "Measurements of the rhythm of Malay". [8] However, in a more loose sense, it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago.