By 479, the Persians were forced back into Asia Minor. Aristotle (384–322 B.C. The pragmatic point of view holds that _____. Protagoras was one of the later sophists who taught that might makes right. He was mentored by Plato and went on to become the mentor and tutor of Alexander the Great. The definition is a conjunction of two terms which normally contradict each other, along with, in Greek, a qualifying clause which seems to make the contradiction inescapable. "The unexamined life is not worth living" is a quote attributed to which famous philosopher? According to Plato, the seeds of tyranny are abuses of _____. T/F. The Greek word is aition (plural aitia); sometimes it takes a feminine form, aitia (plural aitiai). The ancient Greek philosopher Plato (420s-340s BCE) did a lot to change the way we think about the world, in everything from mathematics to ethics to logic. 348 BCE), who himself had been a student of Socrates (c. 470–399 BCE). Our main sources of information concerning Protagoras are: 1. Which expression is a reflection of willed ignorance? According to Aristotle, the ultimate goal or purpose for which a thing exists is known as its _____ cause. Aristotle himself described his subject matter in a variety of ways: as ‘first philosophy’, or ‘the study of being qua being’, or ‘wisdom’, or ‘theology’. Aristotle describes and argues for the four causes in his books Physics and Metaphysics as a part of developing his philosophy of substance.He claims that there are four causes (or explanations) needed to explain change in the world. The Socratic dialectic is an especially moving speech, one that raises powerful emotions. An aition is just whatever one can cite in answer to a “why?” question. Second, he referred to entelechy, which is “that which turns potential into reality.” Aristotle believed that everything happening to you today has a purpose because it turns you into the person you are becoming. Socrates considered himself to be a kind of _____. One who is trapped in _____ will mock others' points of view without investigating them. _____ is general knowledge of what does and does not produce human happiness. the claim that behavior is always controlled by beliefs about what is good. Aristotle also believed that everything in nature had within it an entelechy … Plato divided the human soul into three parts: _____. _____ is the virtue associated with the guardians. Aristotle himself described his subject matter in a variety of ways:as ‘first philosophy’, or ‘the study of being quabeing’, or ‘wisdom’, or ‘theology’. According to Plato, "knowledge of particulars" _____. Aristotle believed in _____ level(s) of reality. Aristotle believed in two levels of reality: the natural and the supernatural. Everything that happens to you has a reason—but there’s a way of thinking about this that empowers you in life. Although there were Greek philosophers before their respective births, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the only three worth focusing on during this period. An aition is just whatever one can cite in answer to a “why?” question. 2. _____ is an example of a sophistic technique mentioned in the text. Eschatology definition is - a branch of theology concerned with the final events in the history of the world or of humankind. Definition • Spartans defeated Athens and then Romans invaded Greek territory making everything unstable and people were demoralized In the Christian schools, especially after the beginning of the sixth century, it was customary to call the head of the school magister scholae, capiscola, or scholasticus. According to Plato, the ideal state meets three kinds of needs: _____. two basic sections, each unevenly divided into two segments, illusion, informed opinion, deductive reasoning, and direct apprehension of the Good. Socrates thought that the first step toward wisdom _____. did not understand that opinions change, the truth does not, the relationship of knowledge to opinion, reality to experience, and metaphysics to epistemology. Aristotle’s most famous teacher was Plato (c. 428–c. Protagoras claimed that "all things are measured against nature's standard. _____ taught that it is wrong for the superior individual to suffer at all. Philosophers generally define knowledge as _____. In Plato’s “ Simile of the Sun ” passage from his work “ Republic,” Plato used the idea of light as a necessary requirement of knowledge, in part, to disprove this particular philosophy that contended that knowledge was a function of perception. More… Iliad – long, mostly fictional poem about a brief period during the 9 year Trojan War (near end of 13 th B.C.) a greek term which refers to knowledge, science, or understanding. Once convicted, Socrates was expected to _____ at the next stage of his trial. From the Greek word kosmos meaning "world", "universe" or "orderly structure"; Argument for the existence of God that because it is impossible for any natural thing to be the complete and sufficient source of its own existence, there must be an Uncaused Cause capable of … Happiness. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! See more. What was the Oracle at Delphi's ambiguous reply to the question: Is anyone wiser than Socrates? The Renaissance view of nature began to take shape as antithetical to the Greek view in the work of Copernicus (1473-1543), Telesio (1508-88), and Bruno (1548-1600). explains the importance of "entelechy" to the Greek Humanist philosopher Aristotle? Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was _____. Meaning and the Problem of Universals, A Kant-Friesian Approach. A "relativist" would be heard to say which of the following? Which philosophical archetype argues that our private and communal behavior should always maximize pleasure and minimize pain? Socrates believed that the teacher's role is to draw wisdom and clarity out of a disordered and confused soul. Mental Health Exam 2. Greek philosophy is known for its undeniable influence on Western thought. In part, Plato's theory of forms was his answer to _____. _____. According to Socrates, all evil is _____. Greek philosophy is known for its undeniable influence on Western thought. One of the most durable and intractable issues in the history of philosophy has been the problem of universals.Closely related to this, and a major subject of debate in 20th century philosophy, has been the problem of the nature of the meaning.. Plato became disillusioned with both the _____ and the _____. Aristotle - Aristotle - Philosophy of mind: Aristotle regarded psychology as a part of natural philosophy, and he wrote much about the philosophy of mind. In Plato's view, the "average person" _____. _____ is probably the most widely read work in Western philosophy. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Entelechy, (from Greek entelecheia), in philosophy, that which realizes or makes actual what is otherwise merely potential. Socrates insisted that the "real person" is not the body, but the psyche. Heraclitus's philosophy was characterized by belief in an anthropomorphized God, or Logos. occurs when we hold a belief regardless of the facts, "Nothing anyone can say will make me change my mind.". 15. It is a term that is taken for granted in this modern age. No longer does art reveal the world as it did for the Greeks; now it is merely one experience alongside others. (B) It defines the scope of our potential as well-functioning human beings. the function of education is to draw the truth out of the student. The belief that no matter how far back we push "ultimate" reasons, they always reduce to someone's preference is known as _____. [Late Latin entelechīa, from Greek entelekheia : entelēs, complete (en-, … Theoretical knowledge is the accurate compilation and assessment of factual and systematic information and relationships. Leonardo da Vinci (English: / ˌ l iː ə ˈ n ɑːr d oʊ d ə ˈ v ɪ n tʃ i, ˌ l iː oʊ ˈ-, ˌ l eɪ oʊ ˈ-/; 14/15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived. Aristotle based his ethics on how we do behave, not on some "higher" ideal. From lowest to highest, the levels of awareness are _____. The problem of universals goes back to Plato and Aristotle. Start studying philosophy Ch.6. But in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, at the heart of his philosophy, such separation removes any intelligibility and meaning to the world. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The strangeness of the word “entelechy” masks the contradiction between these two claims. Saint Bonaventure, ; canonized April 14, 1482; feast day July 15), leading medieval theologian, minister general of the Franciscan order, and cardinal bishop of Albano. ): Protagoras is a leading character in Plato's dialogue Protagoras and Protagoras' doctrines are discussed extensively in Plato's Theaetetus. According to Plato, _____ changes but _____ is timeless. Wisdom is a form of knowledge based primarily on education and intelligence. mikayla_fahey_smith. (A) It refers to the "inner urge" implanted by nature in all living things that compel them to realize their happiness and potential. In the philosophy of Aristotle, the actualization of the potential form or function of a substance. Practical knowledge consists of skills needed to do such things as play the piano or bake a cake. Tricker and a thief Son of Zeus and Maia His sole purpose is to go between; University of California, Santa Barbara; CLASS 40 - Fall 2013 Depending on their nature, evaluating _____ involves logical argumentation, scientific experiments and predictions, or the demonstration of skillful performance. both Heraclitus and Parmenides were correct in their efforts to characterize reality. When we reject a philosopher's argument because we object to that philosopher's beliefs, we commit which type of fallacy? As time went on, the last of these appellations was used exclusively. The Socratic method is also known as _____. For Aristotle, the body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing. in Elea, now Velia, in southern Italy; and he died in about 430 B.C.E. chies 1. Definition • Spartans defeated Athens and then Romans invaded Greek territory making everything unstable and people were demoralized Surprising little is known of Protagoras' life with any certainty. form can be distinguished from content only in thought, According to Aristotle, _____ answers the question "What is that? His philosophical foundations draw upon a … We must achieve an understanding of Aristotle’s word entelechia , the heart of his definition of motion, in order to see that what it says cannot be said just as well by such a word as “transition.” The Socratic method begins with the assumption that _____. According to Aristotle, the lowest level of soul is the _____ soul. _____ holds onto a position regardless of the facts. Socrates believed that an individual who is at the mercy of bodily pleasures has no concern for virtue in any form. Greek philosophy covers an absolutely enormous amount of topics including: political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology (the study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality), logic, biology, rhetoric, and aesthetics (branch of philosophy dealing with art, beauty, and taste). For Plato, _____ is the ideal form of government. _____. When Plato died, Aristotle was appointed head of the Academy. Even the Chinese, in his estimation, derived from an Aryan colony from India. Socrates, born in Athens in 470 BC, is often credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. Philosophers are more concerned with ideas than they are with the reasons offered to support ideas. a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC) cosmos everything that exists anywhere; 'ordered whole'; harmonies and contrasting elements is the result of living a fully functioning life. Aristotle believed that the sensitive soul has the potential for deliberation. Entelechy. A complete explanation of any material change will use all four causes. T/F. According to Aristotle, _____ is that which makes a thing what it is. Study Flashcards On Core 250 Exam #1 at Cram.com. Athenian trials consisted of _____ parts. From its early reception by the Toledans, who undoubtedly held this tributary painting in high regard, to the contemporary critics and visitors who still flock in droves to see this masterpiece, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz has generally been received with overwhelming praise. He wrote several works on the spiritual life and recodified the constitution of his order (1260). Plato, in his theory of forms, separates the sensible world (appearances) of the intelligible world (ideas) and the intelligible world was the only reality, the foundation of all truth. Which of the following was most important to the Sophists? However, since the dawn of time, philosophers have been pursuing the inquiry of happiness… after all, the purpose of life is not just to live, but to live ‘well’. Constitution of his philosophy, such separation removes any intelligibility and meaning to the subjective mental acceptance a! A disordered and confused soul knowledge lay in acknowledging that _____. `` level. 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